The s Borderlands / La Frontera - 852 Words

Anzaldà ºa’s Borderlands/La frontera is a very interesting piece of writing to read because it covers a lot of issues such as identity, language, and gender. The fact that she combines several genres in her writing offers another amazement. Like a powerful concoction, her writing which embodies personal, cultural, and political realities, in a way, reflects not only the richness of her multiple cultural backgrounds but also her efforts in cultivating those cultures. In terms of language for example, she identifies herself (and her community) as a complex and heterogeneous people. As a result, they speak many languages (1586). In addition, her claim that ‘ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity’ elucidates her freedom to write bilingually and that she is not ashamed to use her native language. Somehow, it reminds me of my own native language, Javanese language which consists of three different levels namely low, medium, and grand. As I live in a region located in the coastal area in the north part of Java Island, I happen to use the low level Javanese in my everyday life. However, it does not necessarily mean that my community and I do not use the medium and grand level. It is just more common for us to use low Javanese on daily basis. People tend to use medium and grand Javanese especially when they talk to strangers and elders. Moreover, we have a very distinguished accent that people from different region can easily identify us. Like Anzaldà ºa and other ChicanasShow MoreRelatedThe Concepts Of U. S- Mexican Border Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesof U.S- Mexican border, and boarders in general, is the main focus of author Gloria Anzalà ºda in her publication â€Å"Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza.† In some ways, this book is an autobiography that is written in a stream of consciousness with intertextual poems, songs, and stories. By using such techniques, Anzalà ºda is able to stress different aspects of livin g in a ‘borderland’ and also how the role expected of women is extensive and interconnected with the Catholic Church and Mexican culturalRead MoreAnalysis Of Gloria Anzaldua s Poem, The And English, A Multicultural Woman And The Struggles1555 Words   |  7 Pageswith such a variation of experiences. Authors and artists experiencing the culture associated with being a part of many communities show the culture as they see it through their work. One such author is Gloria Anzaldua. In her poem, To Live in the Borderlands Means You, Gloria Anzaldua reveals her identity as a multicultural woman and the struggles that she faces in doing so. She relates this through the use of Spanish and English, first person perspective, and gender. Acculturation was first definedRead MoreShort Story : The Borderlands 1395 Words   |  6 Pagesidentify as another, but feels as if neither truly symbolizes what they are. People that feel like an outsider where ever they go, it is those described who fall into what Gloria Anzaldà ºa describes as the Borderlands. Specifically, Anzaldà ºa speaks of her own personal experience living in the borderlands concerning her where she feels at home and her prevailing sexuality. Growing up in a land that prevents her from thriving, holds her down to the fields from which she was raised, Anzaldà ºa was never welcomedRead MoreA Summary Of Coatlicue1329 Words   |  6 Pagescompliment since they view Western civilization as the more progressive one. Paz’s inconsistency with how he views the Aztec culture highlights one important fact that Franco notes: how often culture is made â€Å"the cover story for †¦ political and economic deal[s]† (Franco 214). Seeking a solution t o pressing political issues, people often turn to cultural aspects for their simplicity to criticize what they do not like. For Paz, Coatlicue was too popular that he attributed her presence in the Mexican consciousRead MoreTravesia . To Write To Be A Writer, I Have To Trust And1167 Words   |  5 PagesI can do it well. A lack of belief in my creative self is a lack of belief in my total self and vice versa- I cannot separate my writing from any part of my life. It is all one (95). Thirty years ago (1987), Gloria Anzaldà ºa published Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. The editor notes the revolutionary and controversial aspect of the book, first because of its context and second because of the historical moment in the USA: the sociopolitical environment that Hispanic, queers and peopleRead MoreDepiction Of Struggle And Division889 Words   |  4 Pagesthough it is certainly more prevalent and obvious in certain texts than others. Though all the texts depict division and struggle, they focus on different societal divisions This depiction of struggle first became clear during the reading of Plato s Republic in book I, where Thrasymachus said of justice, Justice is nothing more than what is advantageous for the stronger (Plato 15). When examined further, Thrasymachus answer came to mean that what benefits the stronger, more powerful class ofRead MoreA Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua1779 Words   |  8 Pageswants you to feel every aspect of what she is saying. In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† she persuades her readers to believe this and that she has went through hell to fight for what she believes in. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† is published in Borderlands/La Frontera, by Gloria Anzaldua and â€Å"the book talks about how she is concerned with many kinds of borders--between nations, cultures, classes, genders, and languages.† Anzaldua gives many examples of how she felt when being classified as a Chicana. HerRead MoreIntersectionality Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesis a very complex word with room for an open range for multiple definitions. Intersectionality is used to understand numerous types of oppressions and discriminations against people. Although, intersectionality wasnt used as a term until the 1980’s by Kimberle Crenshaw, an american civil rights activist and feminist, as a label for the types of oppressions women of color experienced. This is crucial for our understanding of US womxy’s history. The term reflects to the reality that we all have multipleRead MoreFresa y Chocolate and The Borderlands1467 Words   |  6 Pagesof who we are as individuals, the conscious experience of the self-inside. (Kaufman cited in Anzaldà ºa, 1987, p.84) The objective of this essay will be to interpret the contradictions of identity produced in the movie Fresa y Chocolate and The Borderlands. When personal identity, is stifled and shaped by nationalistic discourse. By examining the polarised dichotomies of self-identity, juxtaposed against the internalised and dominant hegemonic discourse of imposed National and cultural identity. TheRead More`` Border Arte : Nepantla, El Lugar De La Frontera1577 Words   |  7 PagesWhether they’re moving to a new home, publically announcing their sexual orientation, or embracing a new identity, transitions and changes are bound to occur. Gloria Anzaldà ºa recognizes this concept in her essay â€Å"Border Arte: Nepantla, el Lugar de la Frontera† by stating â€Å"Nepantla is the Hahuatl word for an in-between state, that uncertain terrain one crosses when moving from one place to another, when changing from one class, race, or sexual position to another, when traveling from the pre sent identity

United States And The Middle East - 1311 Words

A Review of United States’ Policy in the Middle East The crux of the institution of government from the untenable state of nature that subsisted in the days gone by was for the protection of life, liberty and property. The doctrine of individual unilateral discretion which provided a fertile ground for the domination of the strong over the weak in society diminished in significance. So sacrosanct was the need to protect the rights and freedoms of all people that all and sundry gave up their rights, powers, and privileges of the civil society for its care. The developed world took lead in this province and in the modern world, the United States of America is considered the land of the free people in the world as a result. In pursuance of this goal, US’s policy, both domestically and internationally has been to protect not only its citizens, but also to perfect recalcitrant nations bent on civil rights infractions. On the domestic front, the rule is that should any of it s citizen’s life or limb be threatened or violated by a foreigner; then the Ker-Frisbie Rule is invoked to bring the perpetrators to book. On the international plane, it has pursued a no-holds-barred approach to police the world as the Big Brother hence the tagline, ‘Uncle Sam is watching.’ Case Concept: Syriana Movie The movie is adapted from Robert Boer’s memoir, ‘See No Evil: The True Story of a Ground Soldier in the CIA’s War on Terrorism’. The setting is in Middle Eastern oil industry where BennettShow MoreRelatedThe United States And The Middle East831 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past decade, the Middle East has proven to be a complex quandary that the United States is ultimately unequipped to handle. Before the U.S. can possibly pacify the region, it must first work to conquer obstacles domestically. The U.S. should also recognize the source of conflict in the Middle East and use this knowledge in the future as a foundation for a solution to amity. Thus, the approach that the United States should employ in regards to the Middle East is to gradually pull out andRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East1245 Words   |  5 Pagesmuch of the United States’ history, affairs in the Middle East have been an important focus. A more recent example is Presid ent Barack Obama attempting to deal with the terrorist organization, ISIS, because they are threatening the security of American allies. In the past, multiple other presidents have intervened in Middle Eastern affairs because they believe that doing so would be in the best interest of the United States. The importance of Middle Eastern affairs to the United States during theRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East1351 Words   |  6 Pagesto conceptualize this. The United States has broken into another civil war with all 50 states claiming independence. Your Neighbors, friends, family being killed. You don t have a home because it as blown up. And all your worried about is how to find you and your families next meal. You beg and try everything to leave this area even daring to ride a rubber boat to have the chance of safety and a normal life. But in this scenario The Middle East is the thriving united nation that stands for theRead MoreThe United States Of The Middle East120 4 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus of citizens reduced to that of aliens. The approach of the US strategy in the Middle East was to support Israel and to ensure status quo through endorsement of various autocratic leaders (Kivimà ¤ki 18). Thus, democracy was excluded in the United States card. The miseries of various citizens in the region were heightened following the September 11th attack (Khan et al 114) The approach by the United States could not separate the region from waves of globalization. By being motivated by whatRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthe past decade, wars and interventions in the Middle East have broken up existing states, fostered sectarianism and destroyed infrastructures, creating the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. After years of revolutionary upheaval, the Arab world s old system is on the verge of collapse. The United States and other countries bear the blame for this emergence and growth of the indigenous movements like the Taliban, AL-Qaeda, and IS. Order in the Middle East has been undermined by corrupt and illegitimateRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East834 Words   |  4 PagesFor decades, the United States and fellow western nations have been heavily involved with and invested in the Middle East. Geographically, the Middle East region contains a large percentage of the industrialized world’s most prized resource, oil. Throughout this time, the United States has participated in Gulf War I, Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Southern Watch, Operation Northern Watch, and numerous other contingencies and operations. Most recently, the regionRead MoreThe United States And The Middle East2128 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Middle East began to lose influence over the area. In 1946, France and Great Britain were forced to withdrawal from their colonized states by the United Nation Security Council when a delegation of the Middle Eastern countries called for the removal the colonial mandates on Middle East, specifica lly in Palestine (Department of Public Information). While Britain and France did not completely abandon their influence over the area, the removal of their direct influence over the Middle East leftRead MoreThe United States Relations with the Middle East2681 Words   |  11 PagesThe United States was heavily involved in Middle-Eastern affairs during the latter half of the twentieth century. Following the election of President Eisenhower in 1952, the U.S.’s growing fear of Iranian nationalism and the potential spread of communism throughout the Persian Gulf ultimately coaxed U.S. forces into helping the British’ MI6 oust the Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, from power. The CIA successfully overthrew Mossadegh and created a power vacuum in the Middle East, in 1953Read MoreThe Tensions Between The United States And The Middle East924 Words   |  4 PagesFollowing September 11, 2001, there seemed to be a sense of fear towards Arabs and Muslims in America. Since then, the tension between the United States and the Middle East has escalated. Based on the attention terrorist attacks receive, stereotypes tend to arise toward Muslims. Terrorists can be any ethnicity or religion, but typically jihadist terrorists’ gain the most attention in the media and the press. In America, Arabs, Muslims, and Jihadists tend to all get grouped together, even though theyRead MoreThe Conflict Between The United States And The Middle East Essay2176 Words   |  9 PagesThe conflict between the United States and the Middle East is of great concern in the world today because of the heightened tensions in Syria, which is being terrorized by the radical Islamic group called ISIS. ISIS is not only creating conflict in the Middle East, they are also a homeland security threat to the United States because of the fear of terrorist attacks. Scholars and Theorists like Samuel Huntington have addressed the question of why states are experiencing heightened te nsion and have

The Truth Without All The Facts Free Essays

The main problem with A Doomsday Reader: Prophets, Predictors, and Hucksters of Salvation, edited by Ted Daniels, is that this work is intended as a guidebook or compendium of sorts for a reader concerned with prophecy and Christian salvation. However, Daniels consigns his work to the inferior status of the lofty dissertation, or more accurately, an extensive annotated bibliography for a term paper, of this contentious subject by his choice of style and configuration. This main hindrance, which appears to actually have been purposeful, comes from the format for which Daniels chooses to present information to his reader and openly excludes any contradictory statements to further support or refute his assembled facts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Truth Without All The Facts or any similar topic only for you Order Now To begin with, Daniels constructs Doomsday as a three-parter, with Part One highlighting the religious and political philosophies behind secular enlightenment, Part Two illustrating the evil lurking within those political and religious realms, and Part Three relating the tragic results, all well-known and controversial events, and how chaos originated by the all-consuming, apocalyptic movement known as the Revelation. In the Introduction, Daniels spends a few discerning pages explaining his definition, literally and figuratively, for the critical terms a reader might come across when researching Christian prophecy and Revelation. Then, after a short explanation of his theory â€Å"that apocalypticism†¦is inherently political and that [a reader] might come to understand it better by taking that aspect of it fully into account† (Daniels 15), the book begins with his collection of essays and carefully constructed footnotes on his topics. However, Daniels’ theory is more or less left behind as the reader becomes disoriented by the essays and assembled information. His thesis, which he shrewdly never states in its entirety has a fundamental problem that he attempts to ignore by presenting his information as pure fact, with nothing to dispute, deny, or, for that matter, confirm. And, because he offers no further insight into his claim, it can only be accepted as is, as fact, and while his chapters do provide a focus on his theory, they do nothing to prove anything other than to illustrate that he is more than adept in compiling facts to suit his purpose. For example, in Part One, Daniels highlights two main examples of leaders, Karl Marx and Adolf Hitler, who politically enforced their ideals for secular millenarianism, or, as Daniels has chosen to refer to it, the apocalyptic movement. Daniels uses Marxism to show how â€Å"like earlier apocalyptic ideologies†¦the interaction of opposing forces—in this case, labor and capital—drives events in the world† (56). It is a deceitful method of relating the truth, because apocalyptic ideologies, which he defines in his Introduction as â€Å"a struggle between the forces of good and evil† (4) focus on spirituality and redemption, not jobs and money, but he is clever not to mention this again because Marxism would then have nothing to do with his point at this moment. Now, the facts cannot be denied that Hitler was indeed a bad man, but in truth, his position was one of purification, of ridding the world of the tainted race, the â€Å"ape-men† (65) and was not about religious enlightenment. Daniels gets around this fact by offering that â€Å"Hitler’s program combined two related elements common to many apocalyptic movements: revenge and purity† (70). With that said, a reader can be led to believe, because of Daniels’ previous definition for apocalypse as basically anything or any movement that has the potential to destroy the world, that Hitler could be very much an averted anti-Christ. With no other testimony or evidence contrary to this, a reader is forced to accept Daniels’ claim as fact. Now, the biggest problem with his thesis comes from his claim that the apocalyptic nature inherent in all people is caused or, more succinctly, manufactured, by politics. By saying this, Daniels is expunging the reality and responsibility from people who knowingly commit suicide thinking that their salvation is at hand if they choose to follow the best salesman. To follow, dumbly and blindly without question because someone believes glory comes with a sacrifice like suicide (which is ironically the greatest of all sins, according to Christian religion) is not something that can be placed in the broad category of political maneuvering. It can be orchestrated by a political mastermind, yes; but that political mastermind is also very nearly as blind and dumb as the herd of sheep they lead to slaughter because they too believe, without question, that their own redemption or whatever freedom they are seeking comes from controlling the lives of others, and how well they manage at the task. While this can be defined as apocalyptic nature, because it is utterly destructive, it is not inherently political—it is inherently human. But to say that the apocalypse and the movement that will one day revolutionize the world is inherently human is perhaps too extreme for a book of this sort to delve into. Daniels is most certainly aware of the controversial nature of his subject and understands, too, how people read and react to this subject when taken as a whole. If he focused on the problem and the ultimate destruction of the world as originating from being human, a large segment of his audience would close the book in disgust because they are, instinctively, because of the nature of the topic, seeking answers. And, with an efficiency to be admired, Daniels is cleverly able to grant those answers—even if it means skipping a measure of the truth. But, with any decent argument or frankly, any decent production of information, the fact and the fiction of the accumulated information need to be presented side by side so that the fact, if it truly is fact, will stand on its own because, by its nature, fact has more power and authority than any fabrication ever will. With this method, information can be highlighted and validated at the same time. While this may work in the Encyclopedia Britannica, Daniels, is not an authorized authority on the subject and therefore requires room in his work, or at the very least, acknowledgement, for such interpretation. Otherwise, the reader is being led into the exact trap that Daniels expresses is responsible for sending cults off to commit suicide for a holy comet in Part Three. In this way, Daniels actually forbids a reader to consider their options, and instead, ironically commits the very same sin that he compiled Doomsday Reader to argue about: herding the people with cunningly used portions of fact. And, with his choice of format, Daniels also neatly removes himself from any sort of literary or spiritual criticism because he assigns himself as the editor of this work, and does not hold the mantle of the author. Moreover, as is his way, every chapter ends with a â€Å"Notes† section in which all sources and facts gleaned from weblogs, news, and the Bible are posted in the standard APA citation style. While this is not unusual in a reference book of this sort, it becomes a bit disconcerting when every chapter ends with two pages of sources to review. At that point, a reader is left to wonder how much, if any, of the information came from Daniels. Or, more importantly, why he chose the facts he did to illustrate whatever version of the truth he hopes to prove. But with a topic this controversial and completely emotional and sacred for a great deal of the religious community, fact needs to be presented with disconcerting arguments as well, or at least offer in his extensive Works Cited, since he took the time to make it happen, authors or websites that offer some form of skepticism. In this manner, Daniels is able to present all of the related information on this subject without ever being forced to declare his position or specify an exact opinion. But, more importantly, Daniels never offers any information to refute his truths either, so for that reason alone, Daniels is removing himself and his information from interpretation because the method he uses presents everything as fact. His sources, as they are quoted, are to be accepted and believed as fact, no questions asked, no tokens granted. Overall, while Daniels attempted to compile a compendium of information for the reader interested in prophecy or the Revelation, his theories and ideas are hardly presented at all, unless a reader gives the same weight to the slightly audacious Introduction, which offers his brief, indeterminate premise for creating and organizing his work. And, by choosing so specific a format for assembling his work, his information can be taken no other way, especially because every chapter, and very nearly every paragraph, ends with a footnote, and not an opinion. It is his chosen format that lends to an attitude of distrust from a reader because Daniels cannot be taken fully and with complete authority on such a controversial theme. If anything, Doomsday Reader serves more as a tidy and eloquent annotated bibliography for a term paper than as the foremost guidebook for understanding prophecy and the terms required by the Bible for Christian salvation. Works Cited. Daniels, Ted, Ed. A Doomsday Reader: Prophets, Predictors, and Hucksters of Salvation. New York: New York UP, 1999. How to cite The Truth Without All The Facts, Papers

Logistics and Operations Management Logic Map for Outsourcing

Question: Describe about the Logic map for outsourcing, Factors influencing decision of outsourcing and Evaluation of risk associated with process of decision making? Answer: Introduction: As the business organizations are becoming more conscious about cost and quality of their activities, organizations working in any sector are giving importance to outsource some of their operational activities. As stated by Aas, Buvik and Cakic, (2008) involving external partners to execute non-core activities of the organization not only enhances profitability but implementation of such strategies also enable organizations to improve quality of the tasks. It is evident that outsourcing some activities reduces pressure on organizations. As an impact, management of such organizations can focus on their core activities more effectively due to implementation of outsourcing strategies. The current assignment deals with analysis on the outsourcing strategies of BP. BP, being one of the largest organizations in petroleum industry of UK, requires conducting complex upstream and downstream activities (Bp.com, 2015). However management of the organization is giving importance on out sourcing some of the operational activities so that cost of running the organization reduces (Bp.com, 2015). The report contains analysis on the factors which influence decisions regarding out sourcing strategies. The report also includes some recommendations regarding out sourcing activities of BP. Logic map for outsourcing: Although the organizations are giving importance on involving external organizations with operational activities, the strategies are influenced by several factors. Analysis on the strategy development process at BP indicates that management of the organization analyses contribution of any activities on operational performance (Bp.com, 2015). However Adams and Youdal, (2007) stated that implementation of outsourcing strategies also impact on future profitability of the organization. As stated by Capasso, Cusmano and Morrison, (2013) analyzing strategic importance of outsourcing activities also require being analyzed prior to implementation of such strategies. The operational activities of BP can be categorized as upstream and downstream activities. Upstream activities of the organization include natural gas and oil exploration and development of field. However the upstream sector of BP is also responsible for production of oil and gas. Some mid stream activities such as processing of crude oil and gas as well as storing the gas is also executed by upstream sector of the organization. Downstream activities of BP mainly include manufacturing and marketing different products from crude oil and gas. Strategic alliance Exploration of oil and gas reservoir Development of fields Retention of activities Production activities Manufacturingactivities processing of crude gas and oil distribution of oil and gastoclients Elimination of activities NA Out sourcing activities Marketing Influence of upstream and downstream activities on operational performance of BP: Figure 1: Logic Map for out sourcing As BP is a part of international oil and gas industry, operational activities of the organization are highly complex. Apart from this, presence of hazardous material also increases difficulties for operational activities. Upstream activities such as exploration of oil and gas fields are effective to renewal of the resource bases possessed by BP management. As the management is giving importance on increasing the number of clients in international market, the organization also require increasing their resource bases to meet increased demand of clients. Analysis on the activities related with exploration of crude oil and gas reservoirs indicates that execution of such activities not only enables the organization to serve their clients efficiently, but execution of such activities is also effective for supplying products uninterruptedly to customers. Currently the management of BP executes all tasks related with exploration of natural oil and gas by their own staffs. However the organization can involve external organization for conducting the tasks related with oil and gas exploration. It is evident that operational activities of BP are highly dependent on availability of resources. Management of the organization can form strategic alliances with other organizations in order to execute the tasks related with exploration of oil and gas reservoirs. Apart from this, the activities related with preparation of oil and gas fields can also be done by other organizations. Upstream sector of the organization is also responsible for production of refined oil and gas. Quality of the final products depends on the activities related with production. It indicates that the efficiency of production activities influences quality of final products. As performance of business is highly influenced by production activities, involving external organizations with these activities may not be effective for present and future profitability of the organization. Employees working in the organizations of oil and gas industry require handling with highly hazardous material. The organization requires implementing highly advanced infrastructure for transporting oil and gas. However management of BP also gives importance on ensuring that none of the organizational activities is impacting on the environment. Outsourcing such activities may lead to degradation of quality of such activities. As the management of BP gives importance on retention of clients, marketing activities are important for informing customers about products and services offered by the organization. Out sourcing these activities to external organizations will not only be effective to reduce costs, but the tasks can be conducted more efficiently due to implementation of outsourcing strategies. Factors influencing decision of outsourcing: Although the management of BP gives importance on outsourcing some of the activities, the management also ensures that quality of the products and services is not affected due to implementation of outsourcing strategies. Choobineh, Mohebbi and Salim, (2013) opined as managements of different organizations are giving importance on reducing time required for completing a task, the tendency of using out sourcing strategies is increasing. As stated by Grler et al., (2013) reliability of the out sourcing service vendors requires being analyzed before implementing strategies. The analysis indicates that the organizations give importance on quality, cost and time required for completion of tasks prior to implementation of outsourcing strategies. However the managements also give importance on assessing reputation and trustworthiness of the out sourcing vendors before involving any external organization on its own activities. Quality: Quality of the products and services offered to staffs is considered as the most important factors while developing out sourcing strategies. As stated by Kutlu, (2012) maintaining quality of products and services lead to reduction of customer complaints. Management of an organization requires giving importance on reducing the number of errors while executing operational activities in order to improve quality of products and services. It is evident that the organizations which are going to implement outsourcing strategies require ensuring that the outsourcing vendor is able to complete the tasks without affecting quality. In case of BP also, the management gives importance on maintaining quality of products and services which are offered to clients. Involving other organizations with the production, processing and distribution may impact negatively on quality of the final product. The management needs to utilize its own resources and infrastructure efficiently to execute thes e tasks. However making strategic alliances with other partners will enable BP management to find new sources of natural gas and oil more effectively. As marketing activities are important for informing customers about the products and services, involving any external organization in these activities will be effective to increase quality of the tasks. Speed: Analysis on the trends of outsourcing industry indicates that the organizations become able to reduce time required for executing a task due to implementation of outsourcing strategies. As stated by Lacity and Willcocks, (2014) reduction of time to complete tasks for responding to the customers within less time. Providing services to customers within less time increases their satisfaction level. However reducing the time of service delivery also enables organizations to increase the price of offered product and services. Managements of most of the organizations tend to outsource some of their noncore activities as it enables them to finish these tasks within short time. Executing the tasks related with finding new resources can be out sourced as it will reduce complexity of operational activities of BP. In case of marketing also, implementation of outsourcing strategies will also enable the organization to reduce time and complexity of operational activities (Whitfield, 2014). Cost : Implementation of outsourcing strategies is not only effective for reducing time and complexity for conducting operational activities , development of such strategies will also lead to reduction of costs (Whitfield, 2012). If BP management makes strategic alliances with other organizations, the management will be able to expertise and infrastructure of its partners. It will enable the management to improve quality of the tasks without investing large capital. Outsourcing of marketing activities will also be effective to avoid increase in costs caused by advertisements and other promotional activities. Reliability of service vendors: Although the BP management gives importance on involving other organizations to different operational activities, it is important to analyze whether the partners are able to maintain quality of the tasks. However the tasks which impact directly on quality of final products require are not outsourced in order to avoid any degradation in quality (Sharma and Sharma, 2012). Flexibility: As availability of the technologies is increasing, organizations which are doing business in oil and gas industry require changing their operational activities regularly (Muhindo, Zhou and Kapute Mzuza, 2014). Apart from this, the management of BP also gives importance on implementing innovation in their operational activities to enhance efficiency of the activities. The BP management can implement innovation in the activities related with production, processing and distribution for developing better products. However, depending on other organizations for execution of such activities may restrict BP from implementing innovation in these activities. Evaluation of risks associated with process of decision making: Although implementation of the decisions regarding outsourcing leads to more efficient operational activities, effectiveness of these strategies may be reduced due to presence of several risks. Often the benefits caused due to development of outsourcing strategies are over focused (Schmitt and Van Biesebroeck, 2013). As an impact dependency of management on external organizations will increase. Extensive focus on outsourcing strategies may lead to loss of knowledge. However extensive focus on implementation of outsourcing strategies may also impact on quality of products and services. Ineffective selection of outsourcing strategies may degrade performance of the organization. Oshri, (2011) opined that effectiveness of outsourcing strategies depend on capabilities of the outsourcing service vendors. It indicates that the management requires selecting the external service provider efficiently so that any degradation of organizational performance can be avoided. Often the service providers try to create good impression at the initial stages of contract (Raman and Ahmad, 2013). Later quality of the out sourced services may be degraded. It indicates that the management requires analyzing reliability of the service providers before making contracts. Recommendations: Development of decision making framework: Plunkett, (2013) stated that lack of proper framework often reduces effectiveness of the out sourcing strategies. Lack of proper framework not only restricts the organization to evaluate benefits of outsourcing properly, but it also leads to ineffective selection of out sourcing service providers. The BP management should develop proper methodology for developing outsourcing decisions. The management should give importance on analyzing strategic impacts of outsourcing strategies before implementation of such techniques. However the management also can give importance on out sourcing noncore activities only so that the risks generated due to loss of quality reduces. Conclusion: Analysis made in the assignment indicates that the organizations are giving importance on involving external partners for execution of operational activities. However the process of strategy development is influenced by several factors. BP is a part of international oil and gas industry. As an impact operational activities of the organization are highly complex. The analysis also indicates that presence of hazardous material enhances difficulties for operational activities. As management of the organization is giving importance on increasing number of clients in international oil and gas market, the management also needs to increase their resource bases for meeting increased demand of clients. The discussion made in this assignment also indicates that the organizations are giving focus on quality, cost and time for implementation of outsourcing strategies. However the management of B also give importance on assessment of reputation and trustworthiness of the service vendors prior to involve any external organization on its own activities. Recommendation made in this assignment also indicates that BP management should develop proper methodology for developing outsourcing decisions. References Aas, B., Buvik, A. and Cakic, D. (2008). Outsourcing of logistics activities in a complex supply chain: a case study from the Norwegian oil and gas industry. International Journal of Procurement Management, 1(3), p.280. Aas, B., Buvik, A. and Cakic, D. (2008). Outsourcing of logistics activities in a complex supply chain: a case study from the Norwegian oil and gas industry. International Journal of Procurement Management, 1(3), p.280. Adams, G. and Youdal, S. (2007). The Evolution of Outsourcing and Insourcing in Oil and Gas Accounting. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 59(12), pp.32-35. Bp.com, (2015). Key issues | Sustainability | BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/sustainability/bp-and-sustainability/our-key-issues.html [Accessed 23 Jun. 2015]. Bp.com, (2015). Our values | About BP | BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/company-information/our-values.html [Accessed 23 Jun. 2015]. Bp.com, (2015). Upstream | About BP | BP Global. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/company-information/group-organization/upstream.html [Accessed 23 Jun. 2015]. Capasso, M., Cusmano, L. and Morrison, A. (2013). The Determinants of Outsourcing and Offshoring Strategies in Industrial Districts: Evidence from Italy. Regional Studies, 47(4), pp.465-479. Choobineh, F., Mohebbi, E. and Salim, B. (2013). 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